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Rancang Bangun Jaringan & Server","\u002Fuji-kompetensi\u002Fpaket-1-rancang-bangun-jaringan","4.uji-kompetensi\u002F2.paket-1-rancang-bangun-jaringan",{"title":106,"path":107,"stem":108},"UKK Paket 2 - Server & Keamanan Jaringan","\u002Fuji-kompetensi\u002Fpaket-2-server-dan-keamanan-jaringan","4.uji-kompetensi\u002F3.paket-2-server-dan-keamanan-jaringan",{"title":110,"path":111,"stem":112},"Checklist Verifikasi & Lembar Penilaian UKK","\u002Fuji-kompetensi\u002Fchecklist-dan-lembar-penilaian","4.uji-kompetensi\u002F4.checklist-dan-lembar-penilaian",{"id":114,"title":50,"body":115,"description":2705,"extension":2706,"links":2707,"meta":2708,"navigation":828,"path":51,"seo":2710,"stem":52,"__hash__":2711},"docs\u002F1.administrasi-server-jaringan\u002F9.dns-server.md",{"type":116,"value":117,"toc":2664},"minimark",[118,123,148,155,177,180,185,190,197,207,295,297,301,484,486,490,493,536,553,555,559,570,576,580,784,786,790,793,861,885,888,906,918,920,927,942,945,973,976,1129,1131,1138,1144,1164,1167,1181,1184,1245,1265,1267,1271,1278,1303,1306,1442,1463,1465,1469,1475,1500,1503,1601,1621,1623,1627,1634,1638,1650,1659,1663,1680,1685,1691,1695,1711,1715,1721,1723,1727,1734,1794,1802,1804,1808,1811,1815,1822,1836,1839,1861,1885,1889,1949,1951,1955,1958,1964,1969,1984,1989,1995,2005,2019,2023,2029,2034,2048,2052,2058,2060,2067,2072,2087,2090,2129,2134,2150,2158,2174,2176,2186,2247,2249,2253,2260,2348,2350,2354,2358,2365,2386,2390,2558,2560,2564,2660],[119,120,122],"h1",{"id":121},"dns-server-di-linux-bind9","DNS Server di Linux (BIND9)",[124,125,126,130,131,135,136,140,141,135,144,147],"p",{},[127,128,129],"strong",{},"Domain Name System (DNS)"," adalah protokol jaringan fundamental yang berfungsi menerjemahkan nama domain yang mudah diingat manusia (",[132,133,134],"em",{},"Fully Qualified Domain Name \u002F FQDN","), seperti ",[137,138,139],"code",{},"smk-tkj.sch.id",", menjadi alamat IP numerik komputer (",[132,142,143],{},"IP Address",[137,145,146],{},"192.168.50.2",", dan sebaliknya.",[124,149,150,151,154],{},"DNS sering diibaratkan sebagai ",[127,152,153],{},"\"Buku Telepon Internet\"",". Tanpa adanya DNS Server, setiap pengguna harus menghafal kombinasi deretan angka IP Address dari setiap server dan website yang ingin diakses.",[156,157,158],"note",{},[124,159,160,163,164,167,170,171,173,176],{},[127,161,162],{},"Jobsheet Praktikum 08:"," Administrasi Server Jaringan",[165,166],"br",{},[127,168,169],{},"Waktu Praktikum:"," 4 x 45 Menit",[165,172],{},[127,174,175],{},"Tingkat SMK:"," XI \u002F XII TJKT (TKJ)",[178,179],"hr",{},[181,182,184],"h2",{"id":183},"_1-konsep-arsitektur-dns","1. Konsep & Arsitektur DNS",[186,187,189],"h3",{"id":188},"a-struktur-hierarki-dns","A. Struktur Hierarki DNS",[124,191,192,193,196],{},"DNS diorganisasikan dalam struktur pohon terbalik (",[132,194,195],{},"inverted tree",") yang berjenjang secara hierarkis:",[198,199,204],"pre",{"className":200,"code":202,"language":203},[201],"language-text","                      [ . (Root Domain) ]\n                               │\n            ┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐\n        [ .id ]             [ .com ]           [ .net ]     (Top-Level Domain \u002F TLD)\n            │                  │\n      [ .sch.id ]        [ google.com ]                     (Second-Level Domain \u002F SLD)\n            │\n    [ smk-tkj.sch.id ]                                      (Third-Level \u002F Domain Name)\n            │\n    ┌───────┴───────┬───────────────┐\n [ www ]         [ mail ]       [ portal ]                  (Subdomain \u002F Hostname)\n","text",[137,205,202],{"__ignoreMap":206},"",[208,209,210,221,251,269,277],"ol",{},[211,212,213,220],"li",{},[127,214,215,216,219],{},"Root Domain (",[137,217,218],{},".","):"," Tingkat tertinggi dalam hierarki DNS yang dikelola oleh 13 kluster Root Server global.",[211,222,223,226,227,230,231,230,234,237,238,241,242,230,245,230,248,218],{},[127,224,225],{},"Top-Level Domain (TLD):"," Ekstensi domain global seperti ",[137,228,229],{},".com",", ",[137,232,233],{},".org",[137,235,236],{},".net",", maupun ccTLD (",[132,239,240],{},"country-code",") seperti ",[137,243,244],{},".id",[137,246,247],{},".uk",[137,249,250],{},".sg",[211,252,253,256,257,260,261,264,265,268],{},[127,254,255],{},"Second-Level Domain (SLD):"," Kategori turunan domain di bawah TLD, contohnya ",[137,258,259],{},".sch.id"," (sekolah), ",[137,262,263],{},".ac.id"," (kampus), ",[137,266,267],{},".co.id"," (perusahaan).",[211,270,271,274,275,218],{},[127,272,273],{},"Third-Level Domain \u002F Domain:"," Nama unik instansi atau organisasi, misalnya ",[137,276,139],{},[211,278,279,282,283,286,287,290,291,294],{},[127,280,281],{},"Subdomain \u002F Hostname:"," Bagian spesifik yang mengarah ke layanan server tertentu, misalnya ",[137,284,285],{},"www"," (Web), ",[137,288,289],{},"mail"," (Email), ",[137,292,293],{},"portal"," (Portal Siswa).",[178,296],{},[186,298,300],{"id":299},"b-tipe-tipe-dns-record-utama","B. Tipe-Tipe DNS Record Utama",[302,303,304,320],"table",{},[305,306,307],"thead",{},[308,309,310,314,317],"tr",{},[311,312,313],"th",{},"Tipe Record",[311,315,316],{},"Nama Lengkap",[311,318,319],{},"Fungsi & Penjelasan",[321,322,323,349,367,394,413,432,451,469],"tbody",{},[308,324,325,331,336],{},[326,327,328],"td",{},[127,329,330],{},"A",[326,332,333],{},[132,334,335],{},"IPv4 Address",[326,337,338,339,342,343,345,346,348],{},"Memetakan nama host \u002F domain ke alamat ",[127,340,341],{},"IPv4"," 32-bit (contoh: ",[137,344,139],{}," → ",[137,347,146],{},").",[308,350,351,356,361],{},[326,352,353],{},[127,354,355],{},"AAAA",[326,357,358],{},[132,359,360],{},"IPv6 Address",[326,362,338,363,366],{},[127,364,365],{},"IPv6"," 128-bit.",[308,368,369,374,379],{},[326,370,371],{},[127,372,373],{},"CNAME",[326,375,376],{},[132,377,378],{},"Canonical Name",[326,380,381,382,385,386,388,389,391,392,348],{},"Membuat nama alias (",[132,383,384],{},"alias\u002Fnickname",") yang merujuk ke domain atau record ",[137,387,330],{}," lainnya (contoh: ",[137,390,285],{}," alias ke ",[137,393,139],{},[308,395,396,401,406],{},[326,397,398],{},[127,399,400],{},"PTR",[326,402,403],{},[132,404,405],{},"Pointer",[326,407,408,409,412],{},"Memetakan alamat IP ke nama domain (",[132,410,411],{},"Reverse Lookup","), vital untuk verifikasi keamanan email server.",[308,414,415,420,425],{},[326,416,417],{},[127,418,419],{},"NS",[326,421,422],{},[132,423,424],{},"Name Server",[326,426,427,428,431],{},"Menentukan DNS Server yang berwenang (",[132,429,430],{},"authoritative",") atas suatu zona domain.",[308,433,434,439,444],{},[326,435,436],{},[127,437,438],{},"SOA",[326,440,441],{},[132,442,443],{},"Start of Authority",[326,445,446,447,450],{},"Menyimpan metadata otoritatif zona: Nama server utama, email administrator, nomor serial (",[132,448,449],{},"serial number","), dan interval waktu refresh\u002Fexpire.",[308,452,453,458,463],{},[326,454,455],{},[127,456,457],{},"MX",[326,459,460],{},[132,461,462],{},"Mail Exchange",[326,464,465,466,348],{},"Mengarahkan email yang ditujukan ke domain ke Mail Server penanggung jawab, dilengkapi dengan nilai prioritas (",[132,467,468],{},"preference",[308,470,471,476,481],{},[326,472,473],{},[127,474,475],{},"TXT",[326,477,478],{},[132,479,480],{},"Text",[326,482,483],{},"Menyimpan catatan teks sembarang, sering digunakan untuk autentikasi keamanan SPF, DKIM, dan verifikasi domain Google\u002FCloudflare.",[178,485],{},[186,487,489],{"id":488},"c-alur-kerja-resolusi-dns-query-dns","C. Alur Kerja Resolusi DNS (Query DNS)",[124,491,492],{},"Proses pencarian alamat IP dari nama domain berlangsung melalui langkah-langkah berikut:",[494,495,496,500,503,507,510,514,526,530],"steps",{},[186,497,499],{"id":498},"_1-cek-dns-cache-lokal","1. Cek DNS Cache Lokal",[124,501,502],{},"Client (Web Browser \u002F OS) memeriksa cache internal. Jika pernah dikunjungi, IP langsung digunakan tanpa query ke jaringan.",[186,504,506],{"id":505},"_2-recursive-query-ke-dns-resolver","2. Recursive Query ke DNS Resolver",[124,508,509],{},"Jika tidak ada di cache, client mengirim permintaan ke DNS Server lokal (Resolver \u002F ISP \u002F BIND9).",[186,511,513],{"id":512},"_3-iterative-query-ke-root-server-tld","3. Iterative Query ke Root Server & TLD",[124,515,516,517,519,520,522,523,348],{},"DNS Resolver mencari informasi secara berjenjang: Root Server (",[137,518,218],{},") → TLD Server (",[137,521,244],{},") → Authoritative Name Server (",[137,524,525],{},"ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id",[186,527,529],{"id":528},"_4-jawaban-otoritatif-caching","4. Jawaban Otoritatif & Caching",[124,531,532,533,535],{},"Authoritative Name Server mengembalikan IP ",[137,534,146],{},". Resolver menyimpannya ke cache dan meneruskannya ke browser client.",[156,537,538],{},[124,539,540,541,544,545,548,549,552],{},"DNS Server berkomunikasi menggunakan ",[127,542,543],{},"Port 53 UDP"," untuk query resolusi cepat standar, dan ",[127,546,547],{},"Port 53 TCP"," untuk respon berukuran besar (> 512 bytes) serta replikasi ",[132,550,551],{},"Zone Transfer"," (AXFR\u002FIXFR) antar master-slave server.",[178,554],{},[181,556,558],{"id":557},"_2-topologi-skema-lab-praktikum","2. Topologi & Skema Lab Praktikum",[124,560,561,562,565,566,569],{},"Pada jobsheet ini, kita akan membangun sebuah ",[127,563,564],{},"Authoritative DNS Server"," lokal menggunakan software ",[127,567,568],{},"BIND9"," di Debian \u002F Ubuntu Server:",[198,571,574],{"className":572,"code":573,"language":203},[201],"[ Client VM \u002F Komputer Siswa ]\nIP Address : 192.168.50.100 (DHCP \u002F Statis)\nDNS Server : 192.168.50.2\n               │\n               │ (LAN \u002F Host-Only Network: 192.168.50.0\u002F24)\n               ▼\n[ Debian \u002F Ubuntu BIND9 Server ]\nIP Address  : 192.168.50.2\u002F24\nGateway     : 192.168.50.1\nDomain Name : smk-tkj.sch.id\nZone Reverse: 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\n",[137,575,573],{"__ignoreMap":206},[186,577,579],{"id":578},"tabel-rencana-dns-record","Tabel Rencana DNS Record",[302,581,582,597],{},[305,583,584],{},[308,585,586,588,591,594],{},[311,587,313],{},[311,589,590],{},"Nama Host \u002F Subdomain",[311,592,593],{},"Target Tujuan",[311,595,596],{},"Keterangan",[321,598,599,618,635,657,675,693,711,728,745,764],{},[308,600,601,605,610,615],{},[326,602,603],{},[127,604,438],{},[326,606,607],{},[137,608,609],{},"@",[326,611,612],{},[137,613,614],{},"ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.",[326,616,617],{},"Master Name Server & Admin",[308,619,620,624,628,632],{},[326,621,622],{},[127,623,419],{},[326,625,626],{},[137,627,609],{},[326,629,630],{},[137,631,614],{},[326,633,634],{},"Name Server Otoritatif",[308,636,637,641,650,654],{},[326,638,639],{},[127,640,330],{},[326,642,643,645,646,649],{},[137,644,609],{}," (",[137,647,648],{},"smk-tkj.sch.id.",")",[326,651,652],{},[137,653,146],{},[326,655,656],{},"Domain Utama (Root Zone)",[308,658,659,663,668,672],{},[326,660,661],{},[127,662,330],{},[326,664,665],{},[137,666,667],{},"ns1",[326,669,670],{},[137,671,146],{},[326,673,674],{},"Host Name Server",[308,676,677,681,686,690],{},[326,678,679],{},[127,680,330],{},[326,682,683],{},[137,684,685],{},"server",[326,687,688],{},[137,689,146],{},[326,691,692],{},"Host Mesin Server",[308,694,695,699,703,708],{},[326,696,697],{},[127,698,373],{},[326,700,701],{},[137,702,285],{},[326,704,705],{},[137,706,707],{},"server.smk-tkj.sch.id.",[326,709,710],{},"Alias Web Server",[308,712,713,717,721,725],{},[326,714,715],{},[127,716,373],{},[326,718,719],{},[137,720,293],{},[326,722,723],{},[137,724,707],{},[326,726,727],{},"Alias Portal Pembelajaran",[308,729,730,734,738,742],{},[326,731,732],{},[127,733,330],{},[326,735,736],{},[137,737,289],{},[326,739,740],{},[137,741,146],{},[326,743,744],{},"Host Server Mail",[308,746,747,752,756,761],{},[326,748,749],{},[127,750,751],{},"MX (10)",[326,753,754],{},[137,755,609],{},[326,757,758],{},[137,759,760],{},"mail.smk-tkj.sch.id.",[326,762,763],{},"Mail Exchanger Prioritas 10",[308,765,766,770,775,779],{},[326,767,768],{},[127,769,400],{},[326,771,772],{},[137,773,774],{},"2",[326,776,777],{},[137,778,614],{},[326,780,781,782],{},"Reverse IP ",[137,783,146],{},[178,785],{},[181,787,789],{"id":788},"_3-instalasi-paket-bind9","3. Instalasi Paket BIND9",[124,791,792],{},"Jalankan perintah pembaruan repository dan instalasi paket BIND9 beserta utilitas diagnostiknya:",[198,794,798],{"className":795,"code":796,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","# Update repository\nsudo apt update\n\n# Install BIND9 dan tools pengujian DNS\nsudo apt install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc dnsutils -y\n","bash",[137,799,800,809,823,830,836],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,802,805],"span",{"class":803,"line":804},"line",1,[801,806,808],{"class":807},"sHwdD","# Update repository\n",[801,810,812,816,820],{"class":803,"line":811},2,[801,813,815],{"class":814},"sBMFI","sudo",[801,817,819],{"class":818},"sfazB"," apt",[801,821,822],{"class":818}," update\n",[801,824,826],{"class":803,"line":825},3,[801,827,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},true,"\n",[801,831,833],{"class":803,"line":832},4,[801,834,835],{"class":807},"# Install BIND9 dan tools pengujian DNS\n",[801,837,839,841,843,846,849,852,855,858],{"class":803,"line":838},5,[801,840,815],{"class":814},[801,842,819],{"class":818},[801,844,845],{"class":818}," install",[801,847,848],{"class":818}," bind9",[801,850,851],{"class":818}," bind9utils",[801,853,854],{"class":818}," bind9-doc",[801,856,857],{"class":818}," dnsutils",[801,859,860],{"class":818}," -y\n",[862,863,864],"tip",{},[124,865,866,867,870,871,874,875,230,878,881,882,218],{},"Paket ",[137,868,869],{},"dnsutils"," (atau ",[137,872,873],{},"bind9-dnsutils"," pada Debian\u002FUbuntu rilis baru) berisi utilitas pengujian vital seperti ",[137,876,877],{},"nslookup",[137,879,880],{},"dig",", dan ",[137,883,884],{},"host",[124,886,887],{},"Periksa status layanan BIND9 setelah selesai diinstal:",[198,889,891],{"className":795,"code":890,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo systemctl status named\n",[137,892,893],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,894,895,897,900,903],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,896,815],{"class":814},[801,898,899],{"class":818}," systemctl",[801,901,902],{"class":818}," status",[801,904,905],{"class":818}," named\n",[124,907,908],{},[132,909,910,911,914,915,348],{},"(Catatan: Layanan BIND9 di Linux Debian\u002FUbuntu dapat dipanggil dengan nama ",[137,912,913],{},"named"," maupun ",[137,916,917],{},"bind9",[178,919],{},[181,921,923,924,649],{"id":922},"_4-konfigurasi-opsi-global-namedconfoptions","4. Konfigurasi Opsi Global (",[137,925,926],{},"named.conf.options",[124,928,929,930,933,934,937,938,941],{},"File ",[137,931,932],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options"," mengatur perilaku global BIND9 seperti ",[132,935,936],{},"DNS Forwarder",", hak akses query (",[132,939,940],{},"ACL","), dan validasi DNSSEC.",[124,943,944],{},"Buat salinan backup terlebih dahulu:",[198,946,948],{"className":795,"code":947,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo cp \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options.bak\nsudo nano \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options\n",[137,949,950,963],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,951,952,954,957,960],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,953,815],{"class":814},[801,955,956],{"class":818}," cp",[801,958,959],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options",[801,961,962],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options.bak\n",[801,964,965,967,970],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,966,815],{"class":814},[801,968,969],{"class":818}," nano",[801,971,972],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.options\n",[124,974,975],{},"Sesuaikan isinya seperti konfigurasi di bawah ini:",[198,977,981],{"className":978,"code":979,"language":980,"meta":206,"style":206},"language-conf shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","options {\n    directory \"\u002Fvar\u002Fcache\u002Fbind\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F ─── IP Listener ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n    \u002F\u002F Izinkan BIND9 mendengarkan query pada port 53 dari localhost & semua interface\n    listen-on port 53 { any; };\n    listen-on-v6 { any; };\n\n    \u002F\u002F ─── Hak Akses Query (Access Control) ───────────────────────────────────\n    \u002F\u002F Izinkan query dari localhost dan subnet client lab (192.168.50.0\u002F24)\n    allow-query { any; };\n    allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.50.0\u002F24; };\n\n    \u002F\u002F ─── DNS Forwarders (Penerusan ke Internet) ────────────────────────────\n    \u002F\u002F Jika domain bukan domain lokal smk-tkj.sch.id, teruskan ke DNS Public\n    forwarders {\n        8.8.8.8;\n        1.1.1.1;\n    };\n\n    \u002F\u002F ─── Keamanan & Validasi ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n    \u002F\u002F Ubah ke \"no\" jika lab praktikum tidak memiliki koneksi internet aktif\n    dnssec-validation auto;\n\n    auth-nxdomain no;    # Sesuai standar RFC1035\n};\n","conf",[137,982,983,988,993,997,1002,1007,1013,1019,1024,1030,1036,1042,1048,1053,1059,1065,1071,1077,1083,1089,1094,1100,1106,1112,1117,1123],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,984,985],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,986,987],{},"options {\n",[801,989,990],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,991,992],{},"    directory \"\u002Fvar\u002Fcache\u002Fbind\";\n",[801,994,995],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,996,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,998,999],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,1000,1001],{},"    \u002F\u002F ─── IP Listener ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1003,1004],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,1005,1006],{},"    \u002F\u002F Izinkan BIND9 mendengarkan query pada port 53 dari localhost & semua interface\n",[801,1008,1010],{"class":803,"line":1009},6,[801,1011,1012],{},"    listen-on port 53 { any; };\n",[801,1014,1016],{"class":803,"line":1015},7,[801,1017,1018],{},"    listen-on-v6 { any; };\n",[801,1020,1022],{"class":803,"line":1021},8,[801,1023,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1025,1027],{"class":803,"line":1026},9,[801,1028,1029],{},"    \u002F\u002F ─── Hak Akses Query (Access Control) ───────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1031,1033],{"class":803,"line":1032},10,[801,1034,1035],{},"    \u002F\u002F Izinkan query dari localhost dan subnet client lab (192.168.50.0\u002F24)\n",[801,1037,1039],{"class":803,"line":1038},11,[801,1040,1041],{},"    allow-query { any; };\n",[801,1043,1045],{"class":803,"line":1044},12,[801,1046,1047],{},"    allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.50.0\u002F24; };\n",[801,1049,1051],{"class":803,"line":1050},13,[801,1052,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1054,1056],{"class":803,"line":1055},14,[801,1057,1058],{},"    \u002F\u002F ─── DNS Forwarders (Penerusan ke Internet) ────────────────────────────\n",[801,1060,1062],{"class":803,"line":1061},15,[801,1063,1064],{},"    \u002F\u002F Jika domain bukan domain lokal smk-tkj.sch.id, teruskan ke DNS Public\n",[801,1066,1068],{"class":803,"line":1067},16,[801,1069,1070],{},"    forwarders {\n",[801,1072,1074],{"class":803,"line":1073},17,[801,1075,1076],{},"        8.8.8.8;\n",[801,1078,1080],{"class":803,"line":1079},18,[801,1081,1082],{},"        1.1.1.1;\n",[801,1084,1086],{"class":803,"line":1085},19,[801,1087,1088],{},"    };\n",[801,1090,1092],{"class":803,"line":1091},20,[801,1093,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1095,1097],{"class":803,"line":1096},21,[801,1098,1099],{},"    \u002F\u002F ─── Keamanan & Validasi ───────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1101,1103],{"class":803,"line":1102},22,[801,1104,1105],{},"    \u002F\u002F Ubah ke \"no\" jika lab praktikum tidak memiliki koneksi internet aktif\n",[801,1107,1109],{"class":803,"line":1108},23,[801,1110,1111],{},"    dnssec-validation auto;\n",[801,1113,1115],{"class":803,"line":1114},24,[801,1116,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1118,1120],{"class":803,"line":1119},25,[801,1121,1122],{},"    auth-nxdomain no;    # Sesuai standar RFC1035\n",[801,1124,1126],{"class":803,"line":1125},26,[801,1127,1128],{},"};\n",[178,1130],{},[181,1132,1134,1135,649],{"id":1133},"_5-deklarasi-zona-domain-namedconflocal","5. Deklarasi Zona Domain (",[137,1136,1137],{},"named.conf.local",[124,1139,929,1140,1143],{},[137,1141,1142],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.local"," digunakan untuk mendaftarkan zona yang dikelola oleh server kita:",[208,1145,1146,1155],{},[211,1147,1148,1151,1152,1154],{},[127,1149,1150],{},"Forward Zone:"," Mengonversi nama domain ",[137,1153,139],{}," → IP Address.",[211,1156,1157,1160,1161,1163],{},[127,1158,1159],{},"Reverse Zone:"," Mengonversi IP Address ",[137,1162,146],{}," → Nama Domain.",[124,1165,1166],{},"Buka file konfigurasi:",[198,1168,1170],{"className":795,"code":1169,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo nano \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.local\n",[137,1171,1172],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1173,1174,1176,1178],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1175,815],{"class":814},[801,1177,969],{"class":818},[801,1179,1180],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fnamed.conf.local\n",[124,1182,1183],{},"Tambahkan blok zona berikut pada baris paling bawah:",[198,1185,1187],{"className":978,"code":1186,"language":980,"meta":206,"style":206},"\u002F\u002F ─── Zona Forward (Domain ke IP) ──────────────────────────────────────────\nzone \"smk-tkj.sch.id\" {\n    type master;\n    file \"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\";\n};\n\n\u002F\u002F ─── Zona Reverse (IP ke Domain) ──────────────────────────────────────────\n\u002F\u002F Subnet 192.168.50.x dibalik 3 oktet pertamanya menjadi 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\nzone \"50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\" {\n    type master;\n    file \"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\";\n};\n",[137,1188,1189,1194,1199,1204,1209,1213,1217,1222,1227,1232,1236,1241],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1190,1191],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1192,1193],{},"\u002F\u002F ─── Zona Forward (Domain ke IP) ──────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1195,1196],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1197,1198],{},"zone \"smk-tkj.sch.id\" {\n",[801,1200,1201],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,1202,1203],{},"    type master;\n",[801,1205,1206],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,1207,1208],{},"    file \"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\";\n",[801,1210,1211],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,1212,1128],{},[801,1214,1215],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,1216,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1218,1219],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,1220,1221],{},"\u002F\u002F ─── Zona Reverse (IP ke Domain) ──────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1223,1224],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,1225,1226],{},"\u002F\u002F Subnet 192.168.50.x dibalik 3 oktet pertamanya menjadi 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\n",[801,1228,1229],{"class":803,"line":1026},[801,1230,1231],{},"zone \"50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\" {\n",[801,1233,1234],{"class":803,"line":1032},[801,1235,1203],{},[801,1237,1238],{"class":803,"line":1038},[801,1239,1240],{},"    file \"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\";\n",[801,1242,1243],{"class":803,"line":1044},[801,1244,1128],{},[1246,1247,1248],"important",{},[124,1249,1250,1251,1254,1255,645,1258,1261,1262,218],{},"Perhatikan penulisan nama zona reverse: Tiga oktet pertama dari subnet ",[137,1252,1253],{},"192.168.50.0"," harus ditulis secara ",[127,1256,1257],{},"terbalik",[137,1259,1260],{},"50.168.192",") diikuti dengan domain khusus ",[137,1263,1264],{},".in-addr.arpa",[178,1266],{},[181,1268,1270],{"id":1269},"_6-membuat-file-database-forward-zone","6. Membuat File Database Forward Zone",[124,1272,1273,1274,1277],{},"Salin template bawaan ",[137,1275,1276],{},"db.local"," menjadi file zona forward kita:",[198,1279,1281],{"className":795,"code":1280,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo cp \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.local \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\nsudo nano \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[137,1282,1283,1295],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1284,1285,1287,1289,1292],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1286,815],{"class":814},[801,1288,956],{"class":818},[801,1290,1291],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.local",[801,1293,1294],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[801,1296,1297,1299,1301],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1298,815],{"class":814},[801,1300,969],{"class":818},[801,1302,1294],{"class":818},[124,1304,1305],{},"Ubah seluruh isinya menjadi seperti berikut:",[198,1307,1309],{"className":978,"code":1308,"language":980,"meta":206,"style":206},";\n; BIND data file for forward zone smk-tkj.sch.id\n;\n$TTL    604800\n@       IN      SOA     ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id. root.smk-tkj.sch.id. (\n                              2026082901 ; Serial (Format: YYYYMMDDNN)\n                                  604800 ; Refresh (1 minggu)\n                                   86400 ; Retry (1 hari)\n                                 2419200 ; Expire (4 minggu)\n                                  604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL (1 minggu)\n;\n; ─── Name Server (NS Record) ────────────────────────────────────────────────\n@       IN      NS      ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n\n; ─── Mail Exchanger (MX Record) ────────────────────────────────────────────\n@       IN      MX  10  mail.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n\n; ─── A Records (Alamat IPv4 Utama & Host) ──────────────────────────────────\n@       IN      A       192.168.50.2\nns1     IN      A       192.168.50.2\nserver  IN      A       192.168.50.2\nmail    IN      A       192.168.50.2\n\n; ─── CNAME Records (Nama Alias) ────────────────────────────────────────────\nwww     IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\nportal  IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\nftp     IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[137,1310,1311,1316,1321,1325,1330,1335,1340,1345,1350,1355,1360,1364,1369,1374,1378,1383,1388,1392,1397,1402,1407,1412,1417,1421,1426,1431,1436],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1312,1313],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1314,1315],{},";\n",[801,1317,1318],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1319,1320],{},"; BIND data file for forward zone smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[801,1322,1323],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,1324,1315],{},[801,1326,1327],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,1328,1329],{},"$TTL    604800\n",[801,1331,1332],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,1333,1334],{},"@       IN      SOA     ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id. root.smk-tkj.sch.id. (\n",[801,1336,1337],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,1338,1339],{},"                              2026082901 ; Serial (Format: YYYYMMDDNN)\n",[801,1341,1342],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,1343,1344],{},"                                  604800 ; Refresh (1 minggu)\n",[801,1346,1347],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,1348,1349],{},"                                   86400 ; Retry (1 hari)\n",[801,1351,1352],{"class":803,"line":1026},[801,1353,1354],{},"                                 2419200 ; Expire (4 minggu)\n",[801,1356,1357],{"class":803,"line":1032},[801,1358,1359],{},"                                  604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL (1 minggu)\n",[801,1361,1362],{"class":803,"line":1038},[801,1363,1315],{},[801,1365,1366],{"class":803,"line":1044},[801,1367,1368],{},"; ─── Name Server (NS Record) ────────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1370,1371],{"class":803,"line":1050},[801,1372,1373],{},"@       IN      NS      ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1375,1376],{"class":803,"line":1055},[801,1377,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1379,1380],{"class":803,"line":1061},[801,1381,1382],{},"; ─── Mail Exchanger (MX Record) ────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1384,1385],{"class":803,"line":1067},[801,1386,1387],{},"@       IN      MX  10  mail.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1389,1390],{"class":803,"line":1073},[801,1391,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1393,1394],{"class":803,"line":1079},[801,1395,1396],{},"; ─── A Records (Alamat IPv4 Utama & Host) ──────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1398,1399],{"class":803,"line":1085},[801,1400,1401],{},"@       IN      A       192.168.50.2\n",[801,1403,1404],{"class":803,"line":1091},[801,1405,1406],{},"ns1     IN      A       192.168.50.2\n",[801,1408,1409],{"class":803,"line":1096},[801,1410,1411],{},"server  IN      A       192.168.50.2\n",[801,1413,1414],{"class":803,"line":1102},[801,1415,1416],{},"mail    IN      A       192.168.50.2\n",[801,1418,1419],{"class":803,"line":1108},[801,1420,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1422,1423],{"class":803,"line":1114},[801,1424,1425],{},"; ─── CNAME Records (Nama Alias) ────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1427,1428],{"class":803,"line":1119},[801,1429,1430],{},"www     IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1432,1433],{"class":803,"line":1125},[801,1434,1435],{},"portal  IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1437,1439],{"class":803,"line":1438},27,[801,1440,1441],{},"ftp     IN      CNAME   server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[1443,1444,1445],"warning",{},[124,1446,1447,1453,1455,1456,1458,1459,1462],{},[127,1448,1449,1450,1452],{},"Aturan Tanda Titik (",[137,1451,218],{},") di Akhir FQDN:",[165,1454],{},"\nSelalu perhatikan tanda titik di akhir nama domain (contoh: ",[137,1457,614],{},"). Jika Anda lupa menulis tanda titik di akhir, BIND9 akan otomatis menambahkan nama domain zona sehingga terbaca menjadi ",[137,1460,1461],{},"ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.smk-tkj.sch.id"," (Error!).",[178,1464],{},[181,1466,1468],{"id":1467},"_7-membuat-file-database-reverse-zone","7. Membuat File Database Reverse Zone",[124,1470,1273,1471,1474],{},[137,1472,1473],{},"db.127"," menjadi file zona reverse kita:",[198,1476,1478],{"className":795,"code":1477,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo cp \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.127 \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\nsudo nano \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\n",[137,1479,1480,1492],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1481,1482,1484,1486,1489],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1483,815],{"class":814},[801,1485,956],{"class":818},[801,1487,1488],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.127",[801,1490,1491],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\n",[801,1493,1494,1496,1498],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1495,815],{"class":814},[801,1497,969],{"class":818},[801,1499,1491],{"class":818},[124,1501,1502],{},"Ubah seluruh isinya menjadi konfigurasi berikut:",[198,1504,1506],{"className":978,"code":1505,"language":980,"meta":206,"style":206},";\n; BIND reverse data file for 192.168.50.0\u002F24 (50.168.192.in-addr.arpa)\n;\n$TTL    604800\n@       IN      SOA     ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id. root.smk-tkj.sch.id. (\n                              2026082901 ; Serial\n                                  604800 ; Refresh\n                                   86400 ; Retry\n                                 2419200 ; Expire\n                                  604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL\n;\n; ─── Name Server ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n@       IN      NS      ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n\n; ─── PTR Records (Oktet Terakhir IP -> FQDN) ────────────────────────────────\n; 192.168.50.2 -> ns1, domain utama, mail, dll\n2       IN      PTR     ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n2       IN      PTR     smk-tkj.sch.id.\n2       IN      PTR     server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n2       IN      PTR     mail.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[137,1507,1508,1512,1517,1521,1525,1529,1534,1539,1544,1549,1554,1558,1563,1567,1571,1576,1581,1586,1591,1596],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1509,1510],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1511,1315],{},[801,1513,1514],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1515,1516],{},"; BIND reverse data file for 192.168.50.0\u002F24 (50.168.192.in-addr.arpa)\n",[801,1518,1519],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,1520,1315],{},[801,1522,1523],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,1524,1329],{},[801,1526,1527],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,1528,1334],{},[801,1530,1531],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,1532,1533],{},"                              2026082901 ; Serial\n",[801,1535,1536],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,1537,1538],{},"                                  604800 ; Refresh\n",[801,1540,1541],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,1542,1543],{},"                                   86400 ; Retry\n",[801,1545,1546],{"class":803,"line":1026},[801,1547,1548],{},"                                 2419200 ; Expire\n",[801,1550,1551],{"class":803,"line":1032},[801,1552,1553],{},"                                  604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL\n",[801,1555,1556],{"class":803,"line":1038},[801,1557,1315],{},[801,1559,1560],{"class":803,"line":1044},[801,1561,1562],{},"; ─── Name Server ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1564,1565],{"class":803,"line":1050},[801,1566,1373],{},[801,1568,1569],{"class":803,"line":1055},[801,1570,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1572,1573],{"class":803,"line":1061},[801,1574,1575],{},"; ─── PTR Records (Oktet Terakhir IP -> FQDN) ────────────────────────────────\n",[801,1577,1578],{"class":803,"line":1067},[801,1579,1580],{},"; 192.168.50.2 -> ns1, domain utama, mail, dll\n",[801,1582,1583],{"class":803,"line":1073},[801,1584,1585],{},"2       IN      PTR     ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1587,1588],{"class":803,"line":1079},[801,1589,1590],{},"2       IN      PTR     smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1592,1593],{"class":803,"line":1085},[801,1594,1595],{},"2       IN      PTR     server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[801,1597,1598],{"class":803,"line":1091},[801,1599,1600],{},"2       IN      PTR     mail.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[124,1602,1603,1609,1611,1612,1615,1616,1618,1619,218],{},[132,1604,1605,1606,1608],{},"Keterangan Angka ",[137,1607,774],{}," di Kolom Kiri:",[165,1610],{},"\nKarena zona mencakup ",[137,1613,1614],{},"192.168.50.0\u002F24",", angka ",[137,1617,774],{}," merepresentasikan host IP ",[137,1620,146],{},[178,1622],{},[181,1624,1626],{"id":1625},"_8-uji-validasi-sintaks-konfigurasi-bind9","8. Uji Validasi Sintaks Konfigurasi BIND9",[124,1628,1629,1630,1633],{},"Sebelum merestart service, ",[127,1631,1632],{},"selalu lakukan pengujian sintaks"," untuk memastikan tidak ada kesalahan ketik atau titik yang tertinggal.",[186,1635,1637],{"id":1636},"a-uji-sintaks-file-konfigurasi-bind9","A. Uji Sintaks File Konfigurasi BIND9",[198,1639,1641],{"className":795,"code":1640,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo named-checkconf\n",[137,1642,1643],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1644,1645,1647],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1646,815],{"class":814},[801,1648,1649],{"class":818}," named-checkconf\n",[124,1651,1652],{},[132,1653,1654,1655,1658],{},"(Jika tidak ada output teks yang muncul, artinya konfigurasi named sudah ",[127,1656,1657],{},"100% valid"," tanpa error).",[186,1660,1662],{"id":1661},"b-uji-database-forward-zone","B. Uji Database Forward Zone",[198,1664,1666],{"className":795,"code":1665,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo named-checkzone smk-tkj.sch.id \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[137,1667,1668],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1669,1670,1672,1675,1678],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1671,815],{"class":814},[801,1673,1674],{"class":818}," named-checkzone",[801,1676,1677],{"class":818}," smk-tkj.sch.id",[801,1679,1294],{"class":818},[124,1681,1682],{},[127,1683,1684],{},"Output yang Diharapkan:",[198,1686,1689],{"className":1687,"code":1688,"language":203,"meta":206},[201],"zone smk-tkj.sch.id\u002FIN: loaded serial 2026082901\nOK\n",[137,1690,1688],{"__ignoreMap":206},[186,1692,1694],{"id":1693},"c-uji-database-reverse-zone","C. Uji Database Reverse Zone",[198,1696,1698],{"className":795,"code":1697,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo named-checkzone 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa \u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.192\n",[137,1699,1700],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1701,1702,1704,1706,1709],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1703,815],{"class":814},[801,1705,1674],{"class":818},[801,1707,1708],{"class":818}," 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa",[801,1710,1491],{"class":818},[124,1712,1713],{},[127,1714,1684],{},[198,1716,1719],{"className":1717,"code":1718,"language":203,"meta":206},[201],"zone 50.168.192.in-addr.arpa\u002FIN: loaded serial 2026082901\nOK\n",[137,1720,1718],{"__ignoreMap":206},[178,1722],{},[181,1724,1726],{"id":1725},"_9-menerapkan-konfigurasi-menjalankan-bind9","9. Menerapkan Konfigurasi & Menjalankan BIND9",[124,1728,1729,1730,1733],{},"Jika semua pengujian menghasilkan status ",[137,1731,1732],{},"OK",", restart dan aktifkan service BIND9:",[198,1735,1737],{"className":795,"code":1736,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"# Restart layanan BIND9\nsudo systemctl restart named\n\n# Aktifkan agar otomatis berjalan saat booting\nsudo systemctl enable named\n\n# Cek status running\nsudo systemctl status named\n",[137,1738,1739,1744,1755,1759,1764,1775,1779,1784],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1740,1741],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1742,1743],{"class":807},"# Restart layanan BIND9\n",[801,1745,1746,1748,1750,1753],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1747,815],{"class":814},[801,1749,899],{"class":818},[801,1751,1752],{"class":818}," restart",[801,1754,905],{"class":818},[801,1756,1757],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,1758,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1760,1761],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,1762,1763],{"class":807},"# Aktifkan agar otomatis berjalan saat booting\n",[801,1765,1766,1768,1770,1773],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,1767,815],{"class":814},[801,1769,899],{"class":818},[801,1771,1772],{"class":818}," enable",[801,1774,905],{"class":818},[801,1776,1777],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,1778,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,1780,1781],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,1782,1783],{"class":807},"# Cek status running\n",[801,1785,1786,1788,1790,1792],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,1787,815],{"class":814},[801,1789,899],{"class":818},[801,1791,902],{"class":818},[801,1793,905],{"class":818},[124,1795,1796,1797,218],{},"Pastikan status layanan menunjukkan ",[127,1798,1799],{},[137,1800,1801],{},"Active: active (running)",[178,1803],{},[181,1805,1807],{"id":1806},"_10-konfigurasi-dns-resolver","10. Konfigurasi DNS Resolver",[124,1809,1810],{},"Agar mesin server dan perangkat client menggunakan BIND9 server kita untuk menjawab permintaan domain, kita perlu mengonfigurasi DNS Resolver.",[186,1812,1814],{"id":1813},"a-di-mesin-dns-server-sendiri","A. Di Mesin DNS Server Sendiri",[124,1816,1817,1818,1821],{},"Edit file ",[137,1819,1820],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf",":",[198,1823,1825],{"className":795,"code":1824,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo nano \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n",[137,1826,1827],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1828,1829,1831,1833],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1830,815],{"class":814},[801,1832,969],{"class":818},[801,1834,1835],{"class":818}," \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n",[124,1837,1838],{},"Tambahkan baris berikut di bagian atas:",[198,1840,1844],{"className":1841,"code":1842,"language":1843,"meta":206,"style":206},"language-ini shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","nameserver 127.0.0.1\nnameserver 192.168.50.2\nsearch smk-tkj.sch.id\n","ini",[137,1845,1846,1851,1856],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1847,1848],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1849,1850],{},"nameserver 127.0.0.1\n",[801,1852,1853],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1854,1855],{},"nameserver 192.168.50.2\n",[801,1857,1858],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,1859,1860],{},"search smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[156,1862,1863],{},[124,1864,1865,1866,1869,1870,1873,1874,1877,1878,1881,1882,218],{},"Pada Debian\u002FUbuntu yang menggunakan ",[137,1867,1868],{},"systemd-resolved"," atau ",[137,1871,1872],{},"resolvconf",", pastikan konfigurasi DNS permanen diatur melalui ",[137,1875,1876],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fnetwork\u002Finterfaces"," (Debian) atau ",[137,1879,1880],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fnetplan\u002F*.yaml"," (Ubuntu) dengan menambahkan parameter ",[137,1883,1884],{},"nameservers: [192.168.50.2, 8.8.8.8]",[186,1886,1888],{"id":1887},"b-di-mesin-client-linux-windows","B. Di Mesin Client (Linux \u002F Windows)",[1890,1891,1892,1905,1924],"ul",{},[211,1893,1894,1897,1898,1901,1902,1904],{},[127,1895,1896],{},"Linux Client:"," Tambahkan ",[137,1899,1900],{},"nameserver 192.168.50.2"," pada ",[137,1903,1820],{}," atau Netplan.",[211,1906,1907,1910,1911,345,1914,1917,1918,1921,1922,218],{},[127,1908,1909],{},"Windows Client:"," Buka ",[132,1912,1913],{},"Network Connections",[132,1915,1916],{},"Properties IPv4"," → Isi ",[127,1919,1920],{},"Preferred DNS server",": ",[137,1923,146],{},[211,1925,1926,1929,1930,1933,1934],{},[127,1927,1928],{},"Integrasi DHCP Server:"," Jika menggunakan ISC-DHCP-Server, ubah parameter di ",[137,1931,1932],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fdhcp\u002Fdhcpd.conf",":\n",[198,1935,1937],{"className":978,"code":1936,"language":980,"meta":206,"style":206},"option domain-name-servers 192.168.50.2, 8.8.8.8;\noption domain-name \"smk-tkj.sch.id\";\n",[137,1938,1939,1944],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1940,1941],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1942,1943],{},"option domain-name-servers 192.168.50.2, 8.8.8.8;\n",[801,1945,1946],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,1947,1948],{},"option domain-name \"smk-tkj.sch.id\";\n",[178,1950],{},[181,1952,1954],{"id":1953},"_11-pengujian-resolusi-dns","11. Pengujian Resolusi DNS",[124,1956,1957],{},"Lakukan pengujian dari server maupun client menggunakan perintah-perintah berikut:",[186,1959,1961,1962],{"id":1960},"a-pengujian-menggunakan-nslookup","A. Pengujian Menggunakan ",[137,1963,877],{},[124,1965,1966],{},[127,1967,1968],{},"1. Forward Lookup (Domain Utama & Subdomain):",[198,1970,1972],{"className":795,"code":1971,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"nslookup smk-tkj.sch.id 192.168.50.2\n",[137,1973,1974],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,1975,1976,1978,1980],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,1977,877],{"class":814},[801,1979,1677],{"class":818},[801,1981,1983],{"class":1982},"sbssI"," 192.168.50.2\n",[124,1985,1986],{},[132,1987,1988],{},"Hasil Output:",[198,1990,1993],{"className":1991,"code":1992,"language":203,"meta":206},[201],"Server:     192.168.50.2\nAddress:    192.168.50.2#53\n\nName:   smk-tkj.sch.id\nAddress: 192.168.50.2\n",[137,1994,1992],{"__ignoreMap":206},[124,1996,1997],{},[127,1998,1999,2000,2002,2003,219],{},"2. Forward Lookup CNAME Alias (",[137,2001,285],{}," & ",[137,2004,293],{},[198,2006,2008],{"className":795,"code":2007,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"nslookup www.smk-tkj.sch.id 192.168.50.2\n",[137,2009,2010],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2011,2012,2014,2017],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2013,877],{"class":814},[801,2015,2016],{"class":818}," www.smk-tkj.sch.id",[801,2018,1983],{"class":1982},[124,2020,2021],{},[132,2022,1988],{},[198,2024,2027],{"className":2025,"code":2026,"language":203,"meta":206},[201],"Server:     192.168.50.2\nAddress:    192.168.50.2#53\n\nwww.smk-tkj.sch.id  canonical name = server.smk-tkj.sch.id.\nName:   server.smk-tkj.sch.id\nAddress: 192.168.50.2\n",[137,2028,2026],{"__ignoreMap":206},[124,2030,2031],{},[127,2032,2033],{},"3. Reverse Lookup (IP ke Domain):",[198,2035,2037],{"className":795,"code":2036,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"nslookup 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.2\n",[137,2038,2039],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2040,2041,2043,2046],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2042,877],{"class":814},[801,2044,2045],{"class":1982}," 192.168.50.2",[801,2047,1983],{"class":1982},[124,2049,2050],{},[132,2051,1988],{},[198,2053,2056],{"className":2054,"code":2055,"language":203,"meta":206},[201],"2.50.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = ns1.smk-tkj.sch.id.\n2.50.168.192.in-addr.arpa   name = smk-tkj.sch.id.\n",[137,2057,2055],{"__ignoreMap":206},[178,2059],{},[186,2061,2063,2064,2066],{"id":2062},"b-pengujian-menggunakan-dig-domain-information-groper","B. Pengujian Menggunakan ",[137,2065,880],{}," (Domain Information Groper)",[124,2068,2069,2071],{},[137,2070,880],{}," memberikan informasi detail mengenai flag, header DNS, dan waktu respon query:",[198,2073,2075],{"className":795,"code":2074,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"dig @192.168.50.2 smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[137,2076,2077],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2078,2079,2081,2084],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2080,880],{"class":814},[801,2082,2083],{"class":818}," @192.168.50.2",[801,2085,2086],{"class":818}," smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[124,2088,2089],{},"Perhatikan bagian berikut pada output:",[1890,2091,2092,2100,2118],{},[211,2093,2094,2099],{},[127,2095,2096],{},[137,2097,2098],{},"status: NOERROR"," → Query sukses dijawab.",[211,2101,2102,2107,2108,2113,2114,2117],{},[127,2103,2104],{},[137,2105,2106],{},"flags: qr aa rd ra"," → Huruf ",[127,2109,2110],{},[137,2111,2112],{},"aa"," berarti ",[132,2115,2116],{},"Authoritative Answer"," (jawaban resmi dari master zone server).",[211,2119,2120,2125,2126,218],{},[127,2121,2122],{},[137,2123,2124],{},"ANSWER SECTION"," → Menampilkan record ",[137,2127,2128],{},"smk-tkj.sch.id. IN A 192.168.50.2",[124,2130,2131],{},[127,2132,2133],{},"Cek Record MX (Mail Server):",[198,2135,2137],{"className":795,"code":2136,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"dig @192.168.50.2 smk-tkj.sch.id MX\n",[137,2138,2139],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2140,2141,2143,2145,2147],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2142,880],{"class":814},[801,2144,2083],{"class":818},[801,2146,1677],{"class":818},[801,2148,2149],{"class":818}," MX\n",[124,2151,2152],{},[127,2153,2154,2155,219],{},"Cek Reverse Lookup (",[137,2156,2157],{},"dig -x",[198,2159,2161],{"className":795,"code":2160,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"dig @192.168.50.2 -x 192.168.50.2\n",[137,2162,2163],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2164,2165,2167,2169,2172],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2166,880],{"class":814},[801,2168,2083],{"class":818},[801,2170,2171],{"class":818}," -x",[801,2173,1983],{"class":1982},[178,2175],{},[186,2177,2179,2180,2182,2183],{"id":2178},"c-pengujian-menggunakan-host-dan-ping","C. Pengujian Menggunakan ",[137,2181,884],{}," dan ",[137,2184,2185],{},"ping",[198,2187,2189],{"className":795,"code":2188,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"# Perintah ringkas host\nhost smk-tkj.sch.id\nhost www.smk-tkj.sch.id\nhost 192.168.50.2\n\n# Pengujian konektivitas ICMP via domain\nping smk-tkj.sch.id -c 3\nping portal.smk-tkj.sch.id -c 3\n",[137,2190,2191,2196,2202,2209,2215,2219,2224,2236],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2192,2193],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2194,2195],{"class":807},"# Perintah ringkas host\n",[801,2197,2198,2200],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,2199,884],{"class":814},[801,2201,2086],{"class":818},[801,2203,2204,2206],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,2205,884],{"class":814},[801,2207,2208],{"class":818}," www.smk-tkj.sch.id\n",[801,2210,2211,2213],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,2212,884],{"class":814},[801,2214,1983],{"class":1982},[801,2216,2217],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,2218,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,2220,2221],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,2222,2223],{"class":807},"# Pengujian konektivitas ICMP via domain\n",[801,2225,2226,2228,2230,2233],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,2227,2185],{"class":814},[801,2229,1677],{"class":818},[801,2231,2232],{"class":818}," -c",[801,2234,2235],{"class":1982}," 3\n",[801,2237,2238,2240,2243,2245],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,2239,2185],{"class":814},[801,2241,2242],{"class":818}," portal.smk-tkj.sch.id",[801,2244,2232],{"class":818},[801,2246,2235],{"class":1982},[178,2248],{},[181,2250,2252],{"id":2251},"_12-konfigurasi-firewall-ufw","12. Konfigurasi Firewall (UFW)",[124,2254,2255,2256,2259],{},"Jika server mengaktifkan firewall UFW (",[132,2257,2258],{},"Uncomplicated Firewall","), buka port layanan DNS (TCP dan UDP port 53):",[198,2261,2263],{"className":795,"code":2262,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"# Buka port DNS 53 UDP dan TCP\nsudo ufw allow 53\u002Ftcp\nsudo ufw allow 53\u002Fudp\n\n# Atau menggunakan profil bawaan aplikasi\nsudo ufw allow \"Bind9\"\n\n# Muat ulang & cek status UFW\nsudo ufw reload\nsudo ufw status\n",[137,2264,2265,2270,2283,2294,2298,2303,2321,2325,2330,2339],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2266,2267],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2268,2269],{"class":807},"# Buka port DNS 53 UDP dan TCP\n",[801,2271,2272,2274,2277,2280],{"class":803,"line":811},[801,2273,815],{"class":814},[801,2275,2276],{"class":818}," ufw",[801,2278,2279],{"class":818}," allow",[801,2281,2282],{"class":818}," 53\u002Ftcp\n",[801,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291],{"class":803,"line":825},[801,2286,815],{"class":814},[801,2288,2276],{"class":818},[801,2290,2279],{"class":818},[801,2292,2293],{"class":818}," 53\u002Fudp\n",[801,2295,2296],{"class":803,"line":832},[801,2297,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,2299,2300],{"class":803,"line":838},[801,2301,2302],{"class":807},"# Atau menggunakan profil bawaan aplikasi\n",[801,2304,2305,2307,2309,2311,2315,2318],{"class":803,"line":1009},[801,2306,815],{"class":814},[801,2308,2276],{"class":818},[801,2310,2279],{"class":818},[801,2312,2314],{"class":2313},"sMK4o"," \"",[801,2316,2317],{"class":818},"Bind9",[801,2319,2320],{"class":2313},"\"\n",[801,2322,2323],{"class":803,"line":1015},[801,2324,829],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":828},[801,2326,2327],{"class":803,"line":1021},[801,2328,2329],{"class":807},"# Muat ulang & cek status UFW\n",[801,2331,2332,2334,2336],{"class":803,"line":1026},[801,2333,815],{"class":814},[801,2335,2276],{"class":818},[801,2337,2338],{"class":818}," reload\n",[801,2340,2341,2343,2345],{"class":803,"line":1032},[801,2342,815],{"class":814},[801,2344,2276],{"class":818},[801,2346,2347],{"class":818}," status\n",[178,2349],{},[181,2351,2353],{"id":2352},"_13-monitoring-troubleshooting-dns","13. Monitoring & Troubleshooting DNS",[186,2355,2357],{"id":2356},"a-memeriksa-log-bind9-secara-realtime","A. Memeriksa Log BIND9 secara Realtime",[124,2359,2360,2361,2364],{},"Gunakan ",[137,2362,2363],{},"journalctl"," untuk mendeteksi error zona atau query yang ditolak:",[198,2366,2368],{"className":795,"code":2367,"language":797,"meta":206,"style":206},"sudo journalctl -u named -f\n",[137,2369,2370],{"__ignoreMap":206},[801,2371,2372,2374,2377,2380,2383],{"class":803,"line":804},[801,2373,815],{"class":814},[801,2375,2376],{"class":818}," journalctl",[801,2378,2379],{"class":818}," -u",[801,2381,2382],{"class":818}," named",[801,2384,2385],{"class":818}," -f\n",[186,2387,2389],{"id":2388},"b-tabel-troubleshooting-umum","B. Tabel Troubleshooting Umum",[302,2391,2392,2405],{},[305,2393,2394],{},[308,2395,2396,2399,2402],{},[311,2397,2398],{},"Gejala Masalah",[311,2400,2401],{},"Kemungkinan Penyebab",[311,2403,2404],{},"Solusi Praktis",[321,2406,2407,2437,2465,2493,2513,2533],{},[308,2408,2409,2417,2427],{},[326,2410,2411,2412],{},"Status query ",[127,2413,2414],{},[137,2415,2416],{},"SERVFAIL",[326,2418,2419,2420,2422,2423,2426],{},"1. Forwarders internet tidak terjangkau.",[165,2421],{},"2. ",[137,2424,2425],{},"dnssec-validation"," gagal saat server offline.",[326,2428,2429,2430,2433,2434,2436],{},"Ubah ",[137,2431,2432],{},"dnssec-validation no;"," di ",[137,2435,926],{}," jika di lab offline tanpa internet.",[308,2438,2439,2446,2449],{},[326,2440,2411,2441],{},[127,2442,2443],{},[137,2444,2445],{},"NXDOMAIN",[326,2447,2448],{},"Record subdomain belum terdaftar di file database zona.",[326,2450,2451,2452,2454,2455,2457,2458,2461,2462,218],{},"Tambahkan record ",[137,2453,330],{}," \u002F ",[137,2456,373],{}," yang sesuai di ",[137,2459,2460],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.smk-tkj.sch.id"," lalu naikkan ",[132,2463,2464],{},"Serial Number",[308,2466,2467,2474,2484],{},[326,2468,2411,2469],{},[127,2470,2471],{},[137,2472,2473],{},"REFUSED",[326,2475,2476,2477,1869,2480,2483],{},"Parameter ",[137,2478,2479],{},"allow-query",[137,2481,2482],{},"allow-recursion"," memblokir IP client.",[326,2485,2486,2487,2490,2491,218],{},"Pastikan ",[137,2488,2489],{},"allow-query { any; };"," aktif di ",[137,2492,926],{},[308,2494,2495,2501,2507],{},[326,2496,2497,2498],{},"Domain menjadi ganda: ",[137,2499,2500],{},"www.smk-tkj.sch.id.smk-tkj.sch.id",[326,2502,2503,2504,2506],{},"Lupa membubuhkan tanda titik (",[137,2505,218],{},") di akhir FQDN pada file database zone.",[326,2508,2509,2510,2512],{},"Tambahkan titik di akhir nama domain, contoh: ",[137,2511,707],{}," lalu restart service.",[308,2514,2515,2518,2527],{},[326,2516,2517],{},"Perubahan record tidak berefek pada client",[326,2519,2520,2521,2523,2524,2526],{},"1. Lupa menaikkan nilai ",[132,2522,2464],{}," SOA.",[165,2525],{},"2. Cache DNS pada OS client belum dibersihkan.",[326,2528,2529,2530,218],{},"Naikkan Serial Number di zone file, restart named, lalu di client Windows jalankan ",[137,2531,2532],{},"ipconfig \u002Fflushdns",[308,2534,2535,2541,2551],{},[326,2536,2537,2538,649],{},"BIND9 gagal start (",[137,2539,2540],{},"Job failed",[326,2542,2543,2544,2547,2548,348],{},"Terdapat kesalahan sintaks titik koma (",[137,2545,2546],{},";",") atau kurung kurawal (",[137,2549,2550],{},"{ }",[326,2552,2553,2554,2557],{},"Jalankan ",[137,2555,2556],{},"named-checkconf"," untuk menemukan nomor baris yang error.",[178,2559],{},[181,2561,2563],{"id":2562},"_14-jobsheet-praktikum-siswa","14. Jobsheet Praktikum Siswa",[2565,2566,2568],"callout",{"icon":2567},"i-lucide-check-square",[208,2569,2570,2587,2605,2622,2637,2654],{},[211,2571,2572,2575,2576,230,2578,881,2581,2583,2584,218],{},[127,2573,2574],{},"Instalasi & Verifikasi Service:"," Pasang paket ",[137,2577,917],{},[137,2579,2580],{},"bind9utils",[137,2582,869],{}," pada mesin Linux Server Anda. Tunjukkan screenshot status aktif ",[137,2585,2586],{},"systemctl status named",[211,2588,2589,2592,2593,2596,2597,230,2599,881,2602,218],{},[127,2590,2591],{},"Konfigurasi Forward & Reverse Zone:"," Buat zona domain dengan format nama Anda sendiri, misalnya ",[137,2594,2595],{},"nama-siswa.sch.id"," (IP Server Anda). Konfigurasikan file ",[137,2598,1142],{},[137,2600,2601],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.nama-siswa",[137,2603,2604],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fbind\u002Fdb.ip",[211,2606,2607,2610,2611,230,2613,2616,2617,2619,2620,218],{},[127,2608,2609],{},"Uji Validasi Sintaks:"," Jalankan perintah ",[137,2612,2556],{},[137,2614,2615],{},"named-checkzone"," forward, dan ",[137,2618,2615],{}," reverse. Pastikan semuanya menghasilkan output ",[127,2621,1732],{},[211,2623,2624,2627,2628,230,2630,230,2632,2634,2635,218],{},[127,2625,2626],{},"Pembuatan Subdomain & Alias:"," Tambahkan minimal 3 subdomain record (",[137,2629,285],{},[137,2631,293],{},[137,2633,289],{},") dan 1 record ",[137,2636,457],{},[211,2638,2639,2642,2643,2182,2645,2647,2648,2182,2651,2653],{},[127,2640,2641],{},"Uji Resolusi dari Client:"," Dari PC\u002FVM Client, lakukan pengujian menggunakan ",[137,2644,877],{},[137,2646,2185],{}," ke domain utama serta subdomain yang telah dibuat. Buktikan hasil ",[127,2649,2650],{},"Forward Lookup",[127,2652,411],{}," berhasil.",[211,2655,2656,2659],{},[127,2657,2658],{},"Laporan Praktikum:"," Dokumentasikan seluruh tangkapan layar langkah 1 s\u002Fd 5 ke dalam format Laporan Praktikum ASJ.",[2661,2662,2663],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}",{"title":206,"searchDepth":804,"depth":811,"links":2665},[2666,2671,2674,2675,2677,2679,2680,2681,2686,2687,2691,2699,2700,2704],{"id":183,"depth":811,"text":184,"children":2667},[2668,2669,2670],{"id":188,"depth":825,"text":189},{"id":299,"depth":825,"text":300},{"id":488,"depth":825,"text":489},{"id":557,"depth":811,"text":558,"children":2672},[2673],{"id":578,"depth":825,"text":579},{"id":788,"depth":811,"text":789},{"id":922,"depth":811,"text":2676},"4. Konfigurasi Opsi Global (named.conf.options)",{"id":1133,"depth":811,"text":2678},"5. Deklarasi Zona Domain (named.conf.local)",{"id":1269,"depth":811,"text":1270},{"id":1467,"depth":811,"text":1468},{"id":1625,"depth":811,"text":1626,"children":2682},[2683,2684,2685],{"id":1636,"depth":825,"text":1637},{"id":1661,"depth":825,"text":1662},{"id":1693,"depth":825,"text":1694},{"id":1725,"depth":811,"text":1726},{"id":1806,"depth":811,"text":1807,"children":2688},[2689,2690],{"id":1813,"depth":825,"text":1814},{"id":1887,"depth":825,"text":1888},{"id":1953,"depth":811,"text":1954,"children":2692},[2693,2695,2697],{"id":1960,"depth":825,"text":2694},"A. Pengujian Menggunakan nslookup",{"id":2062,"depth":825,"text":2696},"B. Pengujian Menggunakan dig (Domain Information Groper)",{"id":2178,"depth":825,"text":2698},"C. Pengujian Menggunakan host dan ping",{"id":2251,"depth":811,"text":2252},{"id":2352,"depth":811,"text":2353,"children":2701},[2702,2703],{"id":2356,"depth":825,"text":2357},{"id":2388,"depth":825,"text":2389},{"id":2562,"depth":811,"text":2563},"Panduan praktikum instalasi dan konfigurasi DNS Server menggunakan BIND9 di Debian & Ubuntu Server. Mencakup konsep Domain Name System, Forward & Reverse Zone, Subdomain, DNS Record (A, CNAME, PTR, MX), DNS Resolver, dan Troubleshooting.","md",null,{"icon":2709},"i-lucide-globe",{"title":50,"description":2705},"XJKXMaOvXYs3HMKbohk0wgRai24AIcVukt1L4m3_34o",[2713,2715],{"title":46,"path":47,"stem":48,"description":2714,"children":-1},"Panduan praktikum instalasi dan konfigurasi DHCP Server klasik menggunakan isc-dhcp-server di Debian & Ubuntu Server. Mencakup penyesuaian blok subnet \"a slightly different\", konfigurasi interface, static lease reservation, dan troubleshooting.",{"title":60,"path":61,"stem":62,"description":2716,"children":-1},"Pengantar mata pelajaran Keamanan Jaringan (KJ) SMK TKJ\u002FTJKT. Capaian Pembelajaran, Silabus Firewall MikroTik, NAT, dan Encrypted VPN.",1789020724799]